Style guide / American Sociological Association
A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations : Chicago style for students and researchers by 
Publication manual of the American Psychological AssociationMLA Style does not have a citation model for data sets. As such, other models, such as the one for an electronic book, can be adapted to fit your needs. An MLA data set citation could look like this:
Schonfeld, Roger C., and Housewright, Ross. Ithaka S+R Faculty Survey 2009: Key Strategic Insights for Libraries, Publishers, and Societies. ICPSR version. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. Web. 09 June 2011. doi:10.3886/ICPSR30001.
Note that MLA requires the date that the resource was accessed and for the author to indicate that it was accessed via the Internet.
For more assistance using MLA Style, go here.
Below are some rules and examples for using styles that are not specific to the sciences but are commonly used for writing research papers or journal articles.
When citing data using a Chicago Style system of notes, the citation should be prefaced with the phrase "Data from..." followed by a citation model that fits the source, usually that of an electronic book or journal article.
Data from Roger C. Schonfeld and Ross Housewright, Ithaka S+R Faculty Survey 2009: Key Strategic Insights for Libraries, Publishers, and Societies (Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, 2011), ICPSR version, doi:10.3886/ICPSR30001.
Additionally, if you use a data set to produce a graph or chart, the data should be cited below the resulting graphic. In the bibliography, the "Data from..." phrase is omitted. A short note can be used in subsequent references to the same data set, such as:
Schonfeld and Housewright, Faculty Survey 2009.
For the full Chicago Manual of Style, visit the online version here.
The APSA has a citation format specifically for use of data sets from ICPSR. You would use the format provided by ICPSR and then make three changes. Add the study number (while omitting leading zeros) after the brackets that indicate the type of file you are referencing. The publication date should be the ICPSR distribution date. Lastly, the study title that is in all uppercase should be changed to standard case. Here is an example using a data set directly from ICPSR. This:
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL FUNDS REPORT (CFFR), FISCAL YEAR 2000 [Computer file]. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census [producer], 2001. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2001. doi:10.3886/ICPSR03179
would become this:
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Consolidated Federal Funds Report (CFFR), Fiscal Year 2000 [Computer file] (Study #3179). Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census [producer], 2001. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2001. doi:10.3886/ICPSR03179
For the APSA's full citation guidelines, go here.
